Illegal trade in endangered species of fauna and flora poses a serious threat to biodiversity and ecosystem stability. This article analyzes the scale and nature of this phenomenon in Poland and the EU, with reference to CITES regulations, legal frameworks, and practical actions by customs authorities. The most frequently trafficked species, methods of smuggling, and both successful and unsuccessful enforcement interventions are analyzed. The role of international cooperation and non-governmental organizations in curbing smuggling is highlighted, along with the importance of pub-lic education. The analysis highlights effective elements of the system and identifies areas needing improvement, including border control, information sharing, and coordination of robement efforts. The findings underscore the need for an integrated approach to combating illegal wildlife trade