The River Habitat Survey (RHS) is a method used to assess the condition of river channels and valleys by considering hydromorphological factors. It evaluates the degree of naturalness or anthropogenic alterations based on physical and landscape data. The study hypothesized that the quality of river habitats, as demonstrated by the RHS, should correlate with the composition of aquatic bugs (Heteroptera) fauna. The research was conducted in the River Krąpiel, a small lowland river in north-western Poland, across 6 sites and 43 sub-sites. Our analyses suggest that the RHS method can predict the composition and quality of aquatic bug fauna. Other indicators, such as the Habitat Quality Assessment (HQA) and the Riverine Habitat Quality Index (RHQI), are associated with different habitat types. Depending on the geographic location and river type, these indicators may reflect differences between habitats associated with the mainstream river and mineral substrates versus those covered by vegetation with relatively slow water flow.Linking the size and character of the river, RHS may be a good method for estimating the water bug fauna.