The aim of the study was to compare the immunoreactivity and distribution of two kinds of oestrogen receptors within the nerve tissue of the posterior part of the piriform cortex, as well as their localisation within nerve cells. The studied material consisted of 12 brains of sexually mature rabbit males weighing 3-4 kg. In order to prove the presence of α and β receptors, Er-α and Er-β antibodies were used. The examinations showed the presence of Er-α and E-rβ receptors in all layers of the piriform cortex, however, mainly in the IInd and IIIrd layer. The reaction occurred in the nucleus and cytoplasm of neurons. The obtained results can imply the influence of oestrogen on the functions of the examined brain area in rabbits, which in human is responsible for perception and categorisation of odour.