Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) is a polypeptide precursor produced primarily in the cells of the pituitary gland and neurons of the hypothalamus, serving as the precursor to many biologically active peptides, including adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), and β-endorphin (β-EDP). The role of POMC in body weight regulation is a widely studied area in science, as POMC plays a crucial role in the central regulation of appetite, energy metabolism, and body weight homeostasis. Research on POMC in both humans and animals plays a key role in understanding its function, regulation, and impact on the body. These studies may involve genetic analyses and investigations into POMC function in both humans and animals, contributing to a better understanding of the mechanisms of this gene. They also include clinical trials of drugs and other substances that may affect POMC functioning, opening up new perspectives in the treatment of metabolic and hormonal disorders across various species. In this way, research on POMC in both animals and humans collaborates to create a comprehensive picture of the function and significance of this substance in living organisms, potentially leading to advancements in the treatment of various diseases. This article aims to analyze the latest scientific research on the role of POMC in the regulation of appetite and obesity in both animals and humans, highlighting their interrelationships and significance in understanding metabolic mechanisms.