The anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily discovered in 1953 by Alfred Jost. The AMH is a 140 kDa dimetric glycoprotein, corresponding to 553-575 amino acids. The AMH protein is encoded by the AMH gene located in chromosome 7 in cattle, horses and goats, chromosome 5 in sheep and chromosome 2 in pig. The action of AMH is carried out through two receptors, AMH receptor type I (AMHR1) and AMH receptor type II (AMHR2). In males, the AMH is secreted by Sertoli cells in testes and plays a fundamental role in the regression of Müllerian ducts in male embryo. In its absence Müllerian ducts develop into female inner reproductive organs. In females the AMH is produced by the granulosa cells of growing follicles and is supposed to be involved in oocyte maturation and follicle development. In the last decade, AMH has been the subject of great interest in veterinary medicine as a potential diagnostic tool in animal reproduction. The purpose of this review paper is to provide an overview of the research on the use of AMH in domestic animal reproduction.