Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is essential and key to ensuring food security while mitigating and adapting to climate change. A key aspect of CSA is the integration of genetic, agronomic, technological and biotechnological innovations that will increase crop resilience, optimize resource use and reduce environmental impacts. At the same time, biodiversity conservation remains a critical element of sustainable agricultural systems, supporting ecosystem services such as soil fertility, disease and pest control and climate regulation. This chapter explores synergies between biotechnology-based climate-smart agriculture and biodiversity conservation, highlighting approaches such as genome editing, microbial consortia and precision breeding. However, despite these advances, challenges remain, including ethical concerns, regulatory obstacles and potential threats to native ecosystems. Achieving a balance between innovation and conservation requires interdisciplinary collaboration, responsible policy frameworks and farmer engagement. This study provides insights into the opportunities and limitations of integrating biotechnology solutions into climate-resilient agricultural systems while securing biodiversity for future generations.