This study investigated the gastrointestinal bacteria of the snail Cornu aspersum aspersum under capnophilic and aerobic conditions using MALDI-TOF-MS (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-ofFlight Mass Spectrometry). Under capnophilic conditions, 13 different bacterial species were identified: Acinetobacter pittii, Aeromonas eucrenophila, Aeromonas hydrophila, Buttiauxella agrestis, Buttiauxella gaviniae, Enterococcus caseliflavus, Klebsiella oxytoca, Lactococcus lactis, Leclercia adecarboxylata, Pantoea agglomerans, Raoultellaplanticola, and Raoultella terrigena. In contrast, bacterial identification under aerobic conditions revealed 12 species: Aeromonas hydrophila (n = 4), Aeromonas sobria (n = 2), Buttiauxella agrestis, Buttiauxella izardii, Buttiauxella warmboldiae (n = 3), Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia vulneris, Klebsiella oxytoca, Morganella morganii (n = 2), Myroides odoratimimus, Proteus vulgaris (n = 4), and Providencia rettgeri. Although several species (e.g., Aeromonas hydrophila, Buttiauxella agrestis, Klebsiella oxytoca) were identified under both conditions, some species, such as Acinetobacter pittii, Aeromonas eucrenophila, Buttiauxella gaviniae, Enterococcus caseliflavus, Lactococcus lactis, Leclercia adecarboxylata, Pantoea agglomerans, Raoultella planticola, and Raoultella terrigena, were found exclusively under capnophilic conditions. The results of the study suggest that aerobic and capnophilic bacteria of the gastrointestinal tract of C. aspersum may play an important epidemiological role as a potential source or reservoir of pathogens harmful to humans and animals.