The case study concerns issues related to environmental pollution and public awareness of the threats resulting from poor waste management. The main task is to define the objectives, priorities, and consequently, the actions faced by communal governments in the Gorlice poviat in the environmental protection field. It was found that the Gorlice poviat inhabitants’ awareness in waste terms, its harmfulness and management ways is growing. Residents are guided by respect for health, well-being, and environmental protection. However, there is no coherent waste management system in the county. Each commune takes care of its own cleaning and order keeping duties, but most of them promote the selective waste collection and use the specialist business organization’s services. A simplified and comprehensive approach to complex issues in the context of environmental and health protection is proposed.