Depression is one of the most common diseases in the world, and it is also the most common mental disorder. Depressive disorders are a real threat not only to individuals, but also to the general population. This disease is a leading cause of disability and inability to work. Due to the numerous side effects of conventional drugs, attention is increasingly being paid to other solutions, including herbal medicines. Many plant species are known for their traditional uses in the treatment of anxiety, insomnia, and depression. The clinically proven effects of adaptogenic raw materials on depression symptoms are probably related to the positive impact of some secondary metabolites (terpenoids, alkaloids, glucosinolates, phenols). Currently, it is emphasized that in many cases the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of plant substances play a protective role at the neurocellular level. Among the medicinal plants analyzed in clinical trials for the treatment of depression, the following seem to be particularly interesting: saffron (Crocus L.), turmeric (Curcuma L.), ginkgo (Ginkgo L.), St. John’s wort (Hypericum L.), and passionflower (Passiflora L.), which have broad and strong biological activity, well-documented history of action and use, and effectiveness in preventing and/or treating anxiety and depression. These plants are still in the sphere of biochemical and phytopharmaceutical research, the results of which are very promising.