Talaromyces marneffei is a dimorphic pathogenic fungus (formerly Paenicillium marneffei), endemic in Southeast Asia, that often causes disseminated disease, usually in the immunocompromised individuals, with the mortality rate as high as 23%. Moreover, the risk of infection is not restricted to those living in endemic areas, but may also affect people who travel to Southeast Asia, even tourists exposed on a short-term basis. Although no clinical cases have yet been reported in Europe, the pathogen has been isolated from the skin of wild animals in Portugal and from soil in Sweden. Untreated cases are usually fatal. The only known natural reservoir are bamboo rats however, it is not confirmed that these animals are involved in direct transmission to humans, and considering this mold as a zoonotic agent is currently disputed. Alternatively, indirect transmission may be possible, with other animals or fomites serving as an intermediate between bamboo rats and humans. T. marneffei is also known to infect dogs, especially the outdoor animals. Dogs might acquire the infection through nasal route from the soil. Scenario is, that large quantity of spores is produced within dead bamboo rat, which are then released to the soil, thus the soil becomes the source of infection for dogs. The clinical picture of talaromycosis in dogs shows granulomatous pneumonia, and the infection quickly disseminates. In this article we present current opinions on the possible sources and routes of infections of dogs, being recently treated as a probable reservoir, thus posing a risk for immune debilitated humans.