The aim of this review was to present different techniques for examining semen and improving its quality. High quality of semen is a critical factor for successful mating and artificial insemination. There are many traditional methods of examining semen, which were used for decades in the 20 th century to select the most valuable males. Parameters such as spermatozoa motility, concentration and morphology were examined with the microscope. More advanced methods included Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis, flow cytometry and Motile Sperm Organelle Morphology Examination. Today, however, examination alone is not enough. The aim is to improve the quality of semen and thus increase pregnancy rates. This review focuses on innovative techniques of selecting spermatozoa, primarily the non-standard and uncommon nanotechnology. This novel, but relatively easy, method makes it possible to selectively purify semen of apoptotic sperm cells and improve the vitality of sperm cells by antioxidative activity, as well as to sort spermatozoa X and Y